Orchid Types - Terrestrial and Epiphytes

Although there are many, many different species and hybrids of orchids, there are actually only two different types of orchids.  The first is the terrestrial orchid which includes the species of orchids that grow in the ground.  The second is the epiphytes orchid which includes orchid species that grow on trees, rocks or on poles. 

Some terrestrial orchids are semi-terrestrial meaning that they have both underground and aerial roots.  A good example of this is the Cymbidium orchid. Cymbidiums do not grow in soils in nature but rather with their roots exposed or in decaying timber and leaf litter.  The loose humus of rotted wood or decayed leaves provides a favorable medium for them to grow in.    Cymbidium orchids are very popular because they are easy to grow making them a great choice for beginners.  With the proper care, they will provide beautiful flowers every year.

Dendrobiums are the most well known epiphytes orchid.  Although easy to grow, they require slightly more care than Cymbidiums and do not flower as easily on a regular basis. Phalaenopsis is another popular epiphyte type of orchid.  These orchids are easy to grow and have long-lasting flowers.  They are often used for weddings and can be found in various colors including pinks, yellows, and even stripes

Epiphytic orchids naturally grow upon structures like trees.  Amazingly, although they grow upon the tree, they don't receive their nourishment from the tree making themselves at home  by establishing their fleshy roots on the branches or bark of the tree.  Over time, organic matter accumulates between the roots and branches which gives the plant its nutrients. The tough, stringy core of the root is surrounded by a spongy off-white covering that can absorb water easily and sustain the plant through wet and dry periods.  When it rains, this off-white cover soaks up water turning light green when saturated.  The orchid’s roots retain the moisture and then release it gradually to the plant tissues as needed.  As they are suspended from trees or rocks in their natural habitat, the epiphytes type of orchids thrive in filtered light and open, airy situations.
 
Happy Orchid Growing!
 
John M. Barry
The Orchid Guy